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| The space shuttle Discovery lands at Kennedy Space Centre after returning for the last time from space. Photograph: Joe Raedle/Getty Images |
The space shuttle Discovery has ended its career as the world's most flown spaceship, returning from orbit for the last time and taking off in a new direction as a museum piece.
After a flawless trip to the International Space Station, Nasa's oldest shuttle swooped through a few wispy clouds on its way to its final touchdown.
"To the ship that has led the way time and time again, we say, 'Farewell Discovery'," declared Mission Control commentator Josh Byerly.
When it landed three minutes before noon EST (5pm GMT), Discovery ceased being a reusable spaceship.
"For the final time: wheels stop," commander Steven Lindsey called out when the shuttle rolled to a stop. He was the last of the six crew members to climb out of the shuttle.
Dozens of Nasa officials – flight directors, launch managers, former astronauts – joined the crew on the runway to admire the shuttle and pose for pictures.
"It's a pretty bittersweet moment for all of us," Lindsey said. "As the minutes pass, I'm actually getting sadder and sadder about this being the last flight."
Even after shuttles Endeavour and Atlantis make their final voyages in the coming months, Discovery will still hold the all-time record with 39 missions, 148 million miles (238 million kilometres), 5,830 orbits of Earth, and 365 days spent in space. All that was achieved in under 27 years.
Discovery now leads the way to retirement as Nasa winds down the 30-year shuttle programme in favour of interplanetary travel.
Nasa estimates it will take several months of work – removing the three main engines and draining all hazardous fuels – before Discovery is ready to head to the Smithsonian Institution. It will make the 750m (1,200km) journey strapped to the top of a jumbo jet.
Throughout the flight, Lindsey and his crew marvelled at how well Discovery was performing. They noted that the spacecraft was going into retirement still "at the top of her game".
Discovery's last mission unfolded smoothly despite a four-month grounding for fuel tank repairs and a liftoff on 24 February in the last two seconds of the countdown.
"It came back as perfect on its final flight as it did on its first flight," Lindsey said.
Perhaps more than any other shuttle, Discovery consistently delivered.
It made its debut in 1984 following shuttles Columbia and Challenger, dispatched the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990, flew the first shuttle rendezvous to Russia's Mir space station and carried the first female shuttle pilot in 1995, and gave another ride into space to John Glenn, the first American to orbit the Earth, in 1998.
It got Nasa flying again, in 1988 and 2005, following the Challenger and Columbia disasters. And it flew 13 times to the space station, more than any other craft. On its last trip, it delivered a new storage compartment packed with supplies and a humanoid robot.
"You're sad to see her be retired, but at the same time, it's really a pride thing. We got her back OK. It was a beautiful mission," said Ken Smith, a Boeing propulsion manager who monitored the shuttle's systems from the landing strip.
But he added: "We've got two more to fly."
The Discovery astronauts took several minutes to go through the long receiving line on the runway. Nasa's boss, Charles Bolden, a former shuttle commander who twice flew Discovery, led the welcoming party and called it "an absolutely incredible flight." Earlier in the morning, he joined about 50 local eighth-graders eager to see history in the making.
Bolden will announce the final homes for Endeavour and Atlantis on 12 April – 30 years to the day that Columbia soared on the first shuttle flight.
Nasa planned to move Endeavour out to the launch pad Wednesday night for its 19 April liftoff, but delayed the trip until Thursday because bad weather was expected. The mission will be commanded by Mark Kelly, the husband of Gabrielle Giffords the US congresswoman who was shot and wounded in Arizona. His identical twin brother Scott is currently the skipper of the space station; he returns to Earth next week on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft.
Atlantis is slated to make its last trip at the end of June.
Nasa is under presidential direction to spread its wings beyond low-Earth orbit. The goal is to send astronauts to an asteroid and then Mars in the decades ahead. There is not enough money for Nasa to achieve that and maintain the shuttle programme at the same time. As a result, the shuttles will stop flying this summer after 30 years.
American astronauts will keep hitching rides to the space station on Russian capsules, until private companies are able to provide a taxi service to and from orbit. Nasa expects to get another nine years out of the space station.
